1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay Essays

1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay Essays 1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay 1920s and 2000s Comparison Essay With new occasions come new issues and various needs to consider. From the 1920’s to the current day, numerous things have changed with respect to the legislature, ethically, and socially. Disregarding this, a few has continued as before. The social part of society has presumably changed the most since the 1920’s. Individuals once in a while talk eye to eye any longer. Most if not all correspondence is done however either the Internet or with a telephone. In the 20’s individuals would’ve needed to send a letter or travel significant distances to converse with others far away. Presently, this should be possible in simply an issue of seconds. In any case, a few things have continued as before, for example, style. Style was and consistently will be an enormous piece of society. Individuals normally consistently need to put their best self forward so it’ll consistently be a major thing. The ethics of individuals have changed since the 20’s, despite the fact that not really to improve things. The adolescent nowadays are totally different than those of the 1920’s. Music and companions appears to eat up their time. It appears that the 20’s was an increasingly composed time where everything was dealt with little slip-up. Presently, then again, it’s nearly the inverse. Drinking, has gotten increasingly open and acknowledged. While during the mid 1900’s, drinking was disallowed so it clearly was all the more calm. The administration in the 1920’s was obviously superior to now. An enormous percent of wedded ladies remained at home, however now nearly everybody is working. Additionally, the composed wrongdoing in those days was more viable than it is currently in minding out its tasks and not getting captured. One thing that isolates the double cross time frames is the measure of psychological warfare that has struck the US. War was a major piece of the 20’s and furthermore is today. Taking everything into account, there are numerous distinctions in the legislature, ethically, and socially from the 1920’s up to this point. Albeit a few viewpoints have remained the equivalent, times were increasingly composed, modern, and passable than now.

Relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety

Connection among compulsiveness and social tension 1.1 Introduction Compulsiveness is the demeanor of a person that endeavors to accomplish flawlessness in all that they do. Individuals with compulsiveness will in general exceed themselves and ensure everything is in the best structure. As compulsiveness endeavors one to be great, it is likewise burdening on the person for they are constrained to exceed expectations, or to satisfy guidelines either forced by others or oneself. This endeavor is progressively a typical among understudies as they will in general exceed expectations in scholarly predominance in an expanding serious condition. In spite of the fact that the upsides of having this endeavor, there too are disadvantages, specifically, the degree of social nervousness experienced by one. There various scholars which have talked about the potential job of compulsiveness in issues of social uneasiness (e.g., Heimberg Becker, 2002; Schlenker Leary, 1982), however there has been little examination done on how stickler character qualities identify with social nervousness and its outcomes. (Laurenti, Bruch Haase, 2008). Social nervousness is where one encounters more significant levels of uneasiness when occupied with a collaboration. As such one may feel dread of being garbled, exhausting, or seeming unbalanced while communicating with others. As per subjective hypotheses of social tension (e.g., Schlenker Leary, 1982), surveys on relational circumstances regularly includes two perspectives: a gauge of ones own capacities (i.e., social self-adequacy) and a gauge of what is an adequate presentation in that specific circumstance (i.e., others principles) and, probably, it is the inconsistency between these two evaluation reactions that triggers social evasion and negative impact (Laurenti et al., 2008). Accordingly, this investigation expects to look at the connection among compulsiveness and the degree of social uneasiness among college understudies in University Putra Malaysia. This examination will distinguish the components which are identified with compulsiveness and social nervousness. These components are alluded to ones individual qualities which incorporate sexual orientation, character, instruction stream and enthusiastic remainder. Examining the effect of this connection among compulsiveness and social tension may prompt the advancement of a diagram about the job of hairsplitting in affecting the degree of social nervousness among college understudies thusly as it were, empowering positive social commitment among them. 1.2 Statement of the issue Is social nervousness an awful thing? Maybe no; social nervousness can assist us with being increasingly delicate toward others individuals feeling and needs which is required in building connections. Social nervousness will just turn into an issue while it is extreme or outside the standard. So what are the tension side effects? What makes them experience social tension? What exactly degree will social nervousness sway ones relationship with others? This examination plans to decide the connection among compulsiveness and social uneasiness among UPM understudies. In particular, this examination distinguishes factors which are identified with compulsiveness and social nervousness, for example individual qualities (sexual orientation, training stream, character and passionate quotient).As such we will concentrate on these few research addresses that would direct us for the exploration content. How close to home trademark will impact somebody hairsplitting conduct? Does individual trademark cause somebody to encounter social uneasiness? How compulsiveness will impact social uneasiness? 1.3 Significance of the examination The motivation behind doing this investigation is to essentially decide the connection among hairsplitting and social uneasiness level among understudies concentrating in UPM. Hairsplitting when over done would definitely cause apprehension or tension among understudies which over the long haul will prompt pressure or different significant issues, for example, burnout, discouragement or numerous other physiological inconveniences. By examining this indication among individual particularly understudies, it might assist with lessening the negative symptom of hairsplitting. The investigation may likewise assist people with coping and handle with hairsplitting without adding undesirable uneasiness to them. As we realize that hairsplitting among general individuals will cause indications of nervousness and stress, we need to explore on the off chance that it influences UPM understudies and the importance of the impact. Similar to a stickler will make an individual exceptionally requesting about the norms of work done, this investigation will gauge the measure of uneasiness levels experienced by an UPM understudy. By estimating the uneasiness levels, we will have the option to comprehend in the event that it causes additional weight on an UPM understudy and makes their exhibition be influenced. This investigation will likewise profit different understudies at the college level in Malaysia as it might be a marker of how college understudies respond to uneasiness when endeavoring to be great. It will assist with recognizing the basic pattern among understudies and decide whether hairsplitting prompts over apprehension among understudies in Malaysia; which over the long haul cause their exhibition to be influenced. At the point when compulsiveness is recognized early or thought right approaches to adapt to it, understudies might have the option to abstain from being worried because of nervousness. This may assist with expanding the exhibition of college understudies without including undesirable tension levels. 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: General goal: The current examination plans to decide the connection among hairsplitting and social tension among UPM understudies. (Sexual orientation, program of understudy, character and enthusiastic remainder) Explicit targets: To depict individual attributes (sex, program of understudy, character and enthusiastic remainder) of the understudies. To depict understudy apparent compulsiveness. To depict the social tension degree of the understudies. To decide the connection among sexual orientation and hairsplitting. To look at the distinction of hairsplitting across understudy character. To decide the connection between passionate remainder and compulsiveness. To decide the connection between courses of understudy and hairsplitting. To decide the connection among sex and social nervousness. To think about the distinction of understudies character across social uneasiness. To decide the connection between passionate remainder and social uneasiness. To think about the distinction of understudy courses across social tension. 1.5 Hypotheses: The motivation behind the current examination is to look at how hairsplitting impacts social tension level. Given the previous hypothetical and experimental results that we had gathered through the investigation, various speculations which mirrors the relationship among compulsiveness and social uneasiness level are proposed: There is no noteworthy connection among sex and hairsplitting level There is no noteworthy contrast in perfectionisms across understudies instruction streams There is no noteworthy connection among character and hairsplitting There is no noteworthy connection between passionate remainder and hairsplitting There is no noteworthy contrast among sexual orientation and social uneasiness level There is no noteworthy contrast between social tension levels across understudies instruction streams There is no noteworthy contrast between understudies character and social tension level There is no noteworthy connection between passionate remainder and social tension level There is no noteworthy connection among hairsplitting and social tension level Applied structure Forerunner Variable Individual trademark Sex Instruction Stream Character Passionate remainder Autonomous Variable Hairsplitting Subordinate Variable Social Anxiety To have an all the more plainly outline of the connection among hairsplitting and social uneasiness among college understudies in UPM, a calculated structure is set up above. There are three sorts of factors in this exploration which are alluded to predecessor variable, autonomous variable and ward variable. For the forerunner variable, it incorporates the individual qualities whereby sex, instruction stream, character and enthusiastic remainder is taken into see. The free factor alludes to hairsplitting while the reliant variable alludes to the degree of social tension. 1.6 Definition of wording Hairsplitting Applied definition: Someone who has hairsplitting is an individual who isn't happy with anything except if it is totally great. Operational definition: For this investigation, we utilized the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) by Hewitt Flett (1991) to survey the degrees of multidimensional hairsplitting in understudies. Social uneasiness Applied definition: It implies the collaboration between a human and the earth around them that causes the sentiment of stressing over something. Operational definition: The social nervousness level is estimated utilizing the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) created by Mattick Clarke (1998) which has been utilized to survey commonness, seriousness, and treatment out-happens to social fear and social tension issue. Sexual orientation Theoretical definition: The sex of an individual whether its a male or female. Operational definition: This piece of data is acquired from the foundation poll structure which will be topped off by the respondent. Courses of understudy Reasonable definition: The surge of investigations of college understudies whether its science or expressions. Operational definition: The data will be gotten by the survey which will be topped off by the respondent. Character Calculated definition: It alludes to the college understudies character by they way they carry on towards others. Operational definition: In this examination the scale used to quantify the character is The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator by Briggs (1985). Enthusiastic remainder Theoretical definition: This implies the sum or level of an inclination, for example, love, detest, or outrage and how they control it. Operational definition: The enthusiastic remainder in this investigation will be estimated utilizing the Emotional-Quotient Inve

The Three Dolls

The Three Dolls A sage presented a prince with a set of three small dolls. The prince was not amused.“Am I a girl that you give me dolls?” He asked.“This is a gift for a future king,” Said the sage. “If you look carefully, you’ll see a hole in the ear of each doll.” The sage handed him a piece of string. “Pass it through each doll.” He said.Intrigued, the prince picked up the first doll and put the string into the ear. It came out from the other ear. “This is one type of person,” said the sage, “whatever you tell him, comes out from the other ear. He doesn’t retain anything.”The prince put the string into the second doll. It came out from the mouth. “This is the second type of person,” said the sage, “whatever you tell him, he tells everybody else.”The prince picked up the third doll and repeated the process. The string did not come out. “This is the third type of person,” said the sage, “whatever you tell him is locked up within him. It never comes out.â €â€œWhat is the best type of person?” Asked the prince.The sage handed him a fourth doll, in answer. When the prince put the string into the doll, it came out from the other ear. ????????? “Do it again.” Said the sage.The prince repeated the process. This time the string came out from the mouth. When he put the string in a third time, it did not come out at all.“This is the best type of person,” said the sage. “To be trustworthy, a man must know when not to listen, when to remain silent and when to speak out.”Author Unknown

Outline and Evaluate Two or More Biological Explanations...

There are two main biological theories which explain the assumed causes of schizophrenia: Genetic and Dopamine Hypothesis. Research by Mikaywa et al has found that there must be a genetic explanation of schizophrenia due to the fact that concordance rates for environmental causes are not 100%. Also Mikaywa noticed that schizophrenia runs in the family, meaning there must be something other than environmental causes, causing the disorder. What Mikaywa studied was DNA from human families who were affected by schizophrenia and found that those with the disorder are more likely to have the defective gene: PPP3CC. The PPP3CC gene regulates the immune system, and therefore is an important gene in terms of genetic vulnerabilities which may be†¦show more content†¦In support of this Kendler et al found that first degree relatives of those with schizophrenia are at 18 times more risk than the general population. Research has also found that schizophrenia symptoms may have a genetic component. This was suggested by Malaspina, who found that patients who have schizophrenia in their family histories are mor e likely to develop negative symptoms than those families who are schizophrenia free. In evaluation of family studies it may be concluded that they are not very reliable as they are retrospective. The studies for family studies where taken place when diagnosis was under a more liberal use of the term schizophrenia. Twin studies have also shown a genetic pre-disposition. Gottesman found 48% risk of schizophrenia in MZ twins compared to only 17% in DZ twins. Similar to the Gottesman study two other studies showed higher concordance rates for MZ twins and lower in DZ twins however each had slightly different results. McGuffin et al argues this is because of the use of different diagnostic criteria, which may affect the validity of the results. On the other hand the researchers used blind techniques to obtain the results eliminating any researcher bias. Both family and twin studies face the problem of ignoring environmental impacts. In family studies, genetically similar members of the same family tend to spend more time together, thereforeShow MoreRelatedOutline and Evaluate One or More Biological Explanations to Schizophrenia1149 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and evaluate one or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8 marks AO1/16 marks AO1) Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language, perception, thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily, leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesisRead MoreTwo Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia Essay487 Words   |  2 PagesTwo Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia There are many biological explanations of schizophrenia. In this essay I will concentrate on the genetic explanation and biochemical explanation of the disorder. There are many studies that look in to genetics and the link to schizophrenia. This is dues to an original finding that schizophrenia runs in families and therefore suggests that genes are responsible for the disorder. I study was preformed by Janicak et al 2001;Read MoreOutline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression1051 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression Scheff’s Labelling Theory is a process which involves labelling people with mental disorders when they produce behaviour that does not fit with socially constructed norms and labelling those who reflect stereotyped or stigmatized behaviour of the ‘mentally ill’. A disadvantage of labelling an individual with depression is that labelling can accentuate and prolong the issue. 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However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s, behavioral researchers like Paul Salkovskis and Jack Rachman were advocating a more integrative theory and treatment of OCD, an approach that amalgamated the behavioral treatment of OCD with Beck’s (1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders. From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new cognitive-behavioral approach to obsessions and compulsions was born. In many respects, my own professionalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSelf-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! 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Throughout the 20th century there were many influential...

Throughout the 20th century there were many influential pieces of literature that would not only tell a story or teach a lesson, but also let the reader into the author’s world. Allowing the reader to view both the positives and negatives in an author. Ernest Hemingway was one of these influential authors. Suffering through most of his life due to a disturbingly scarring childhood, he expresses his intense mental and emotional insecurities through subtle metaphors that bluntly show problems with commitment to women and proving his masculinity to others. Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Cicero, Illinois. Clarence and Grace Hemingway raised Ernest in the suburbs of Chicago and Northern Michigan. He spent most of his young†¦show more content†¦Right out of high school, he escapes from home when he enlists in the army during World War I to serve as an ambulance driver in Italy. One moment that really struck with him, due to it being masculine, was when a sol dier was injured by a machine gun, and he managed to carry the soldier to safety and save his life. Little did many know, he also found and married his first love during the war, Hadley Richardson. This was the first time that he actually began to not fear and actually trust a woman. This eventually branches off to more problems with women and even commitment, for he is married 3 more times after Hadley. â€Å"Deep in Ernest†¦ was a mistrust and fear of women. Which he suffered from always† (Brainy Quote 1). Never being able to wipe away problems with dedication, due to his fear of women. Right when the war ended, he began writing short stories and novels. Starting with his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, in 1926. Several things had influenced his works. His experience in World War I was influential, though not as influential as the relationship he had with his parents. 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Business Analysis on Sony Corporation Free Essays

string(47) " over electronic entertainment career of Sony\." Business Analysis on Sony Corporation for the years between 2001 and 2011 Overview Looking back on the past decade of Sony Corporation, opportunities walked along with challenges. The â€Å"combination of giants† between Sony and Ericsson caught attention of the whole world. The invention of mini vertical mobile phone promptly captured the youth market. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Analysis on Sony Corporation or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Sony Ericsson was at its best, its sales figures were ranking Top Three in European and American markets. However, since 2008, Sony Ericsson almost has opted out of the top list in mobile phone industry. The revolution of iPhone and Android ruined Sony Ericsson’s confidence thoroughly. In addition, the political conflicts and historical factors, such as Diaoyu Island incident, to some extent, have affected the sales in recent years further. Our business analysis emphasizes on the development of Sony Corporation during the period from 2001 to 2011, especially the overseas market expansion in mobile phone industry. We will introduce the development process of Sony and the challenges they faced or will face from three perspectives: business, political and socio-cultural factors. Besides, we, as well as Sony Corporation, concentrate most is how to turn these challenges to the opportunities. Firstly, let us illustrate the organizational structure of Sony Ericsson, especially Sony Ericsson China. The market share of Ericsson has ever ranking no. 3 in global mobile phone market in late 90s of 20 century. Their promoting strategy in Chinese regions made an excellent success because of selecting LIU Dehua and JIN Chengwu as spokesmen. However, Ericsson suffered a huge loss resulting from a mistake in generating strategy in 2000. Meanwhile, Sony mobile phone could scarcely capture the market share, for they were too late to get access to the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) market. It was in this context that Sony and Ericsson reached a consensus that each of their mobile phone departments subscribed 50 percent shares to establish a joint venture corporation, that is, Sony Ericsson. They two operated the company together that Ericsson was responsible for technology and quality control while Sony was in charge of the outlook design and sales. The organizational structure is as following. Since 2008, the tablet revolution led by Apple and Android has inflicted a severe impact on Sony Ericsson. In 2011, Sony broke up with Ericsson and purchased the remaining 50 percent shares owned by Ericsson before. Sony kept the mobile phone production department, but their market share cannot be compared to the past. Secondly, the development of Sony mobile phones went through a tough procedure. Let’s briefly review the milestones and look forward to the future. Sony Ericsson sustained high losses in the first two years, until T618 was launched in 2003. T618 was an influential mobile phone type which directly turned SE into profits. And then, to make full use of Sony’s technology in Walkman, SE launched W800 in 2005, bringing the concept of music phone to the public. After that, K790 was the first professional camera phone with flashlight, which beyond any other brands at that time. The net income in Sony reached a peak in 2008 with 369,435 yen in millions, while it decreased abruptly in 2009 resulting from the rapid rise of Apple and Android. The cooperation with Android cannot revived SE as the development of X10i and Xperia arc Lt15i could not make ends meet. The continuing losses upset Ericsson and accelerated the termination of the contract between Sony and Ericsson. Therefore, we recommend that Sony should change their marketing strategies to â€Å"low cost, low price† strategy in order to capture the markets in developing countries. In addition, the conclusion of financial annual reports in the past decade is one of the core factors to evaluate the development of Sony. SONY ‘s Net Income(Loss) 2001-2011 YearNet Income (Loss) 200116,754 200215,310 2003115,519 200488,511 2005163,838 2006123,616 2007126,328 2008369,435 2009-98,938 2010-40,802 2011-259,585 According to the financial figures, it is not hard to track the operation status in Sony for the ten years. 2003, 2008 and 2009 are remarkable turning points and we will demonstrate the business, political and socio-cultural causes in detain as follows. Analysis on Business Aspect In 2000, the subsidiary of famous telecoms giant, the world’s third-largest mobile phone company Ericsson, suffered a continuous loss. Ericsson used it as a trigger to start the joint venture company with Japan electronics giant Sony with equal-shared stake in global mobile phone business. Sony Ericsson was established in 2001 as a prestigious international brand for youth. Its global headquarter was located in London which was incompatible with the common thought that Sony Ericsson belongs to Japan . Its international employees were up to 7500 including the research and development talents from Europe ,Japan ,China and America. It was a hidden danger for two parties’ division that a considerable number of the technology was mainly transplanted from Sony Company. The new co-operation company combined the Sony’s capability of planning and designing video product, marketing electronic product and promoting brand with the Ericsson’s specialization in mobile telecommunication technology, operators relationship maintaining and network facilities construction. At the beginning two years, Sony Ericsson took debts of 16. 2 billion Swedish grams from Ericsson causing 5 percentage market shares shrunk which made large shareholders have to reinvest 300 million. By virtue of the support of parent companies, Sony Ericsson was booming later and embodying its own style in processing image and wireless telecommunication. In the September of 2003, it first gained profit with introducing an influential upright mobile phone using a few-but-delicate strategy to compete with corresponds’ mass products. In the next year, the developing trend for Sony Ericsson was irresistible that it opened Valentine’s party cooperated with many outstanding brands to launch its new phones . Its classic and innovate products started to be appealing to various consumption levels in different areas. Starting from the second season of 2005, Sony Ericsson used existed brand Walkman in Sony to create the first bi-brand phone which took over electronic entertainment career of Sony. You read "Business Analysis on Sony Corporation" in category "Essay examples" It made a good performance for increasing both market share and profit . Furthermore, it transplanted Sony Walking and Cyber-shot brand successfully getting a reputation. However, photographing and music functions were commonly imitated by other brands causing Sony Ericsson lose its edge in advanced technology. Some demerits of its products also appeared such as inconvenience of phone download, insufficiency of capability and incommodity of background use. Main reasons for the declined performance were that products did not keep up with the rhythm of market and not pay attention to the Smart mobile phone market. Its delicate high-price strategy was in a dilemma for consumers were unwilling to pay a large bill of non-smart cell phone . Meanwhile its internal management was in chaos and the contest for leadership among the executives led to the change of personnel in 2007. Coincidently, an economic crisis happened and changed the consumer’s demand of phone. Sony Ericsson found itself left behind on account of insufficient supply of low-end phone, lack of brand-new products for high-end and shortage of amazing spot in the field of smart phone. Its ever strongest music and photography phones for the mid-market were surpassed by competitors. And it also did not recognize the great demand in Chinese market that it was doomed a tough year for Sony Ericsson . In 2008, Sony intended to purchase the equity of Ericsson which was set aside. Considering the unsatisfied performance in new products launch and market share for last three years, Sony Ericsson former executive in Silicon Valley Nordberg became the CEO . He abandoned futureless Symbian system and low-end market focusing on the Google’s Android system to reform the company strategy. The decision turned out to be wise that Sony Ericsson launched several excellent Android phone and turned losses into gains gradually. The hesitation between multiple platform system let Sony Ericsson miss a lot of golden chances to boom. It seemed to be an irresistible trend for Sony Ericsson’s ending which will provide space for Sony to shine itself. At the end of October in 2011, Sony officially announced that it offered 1. 05 billion euros to take over the other 50 percent stake Ericsson held. Now Sony Ericsson is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony and will no longer exist but with a Sony logo. Sony mobile takes advantage of Android platform to develop rapidly and its market share grows gradually with Xperia series launching. In addition, Sony closed its functional phone production and was dedicated to operate Android smart phone. It can also integrate its huge resources under its name Analysis on Political Aspect Political factor is playing a crucial role in the process of oversea market expansion, for it decides what entrance mode that a company will choose. This section will critically discuss about the political aspect in the way of Sony Company’s internationalization and conduct an analysis on both Sony in China and Europe as a particular example. Political Environment and Company Strengths From 1945 after the World War? international political situation turned to be stable and peace in general, which create a valuable moment for Japan and other countries to develop economy in postwar time. USD-centered International Monetary System provided a comparatively stable condition for international trade. And in 1946, Sony was started from scratch. Inside the country, on the one hand, with western democratic political system and legal institute built in Japan successfully, Japanese government gradually re laxed the restriction on import and export trading since 1960 in order to push economy grows. On the other hand, economy development brought with living-level to rise. The demand for household appliance rose as well. These are basic national conditions to Sony for its oversea business activities. For Sony itself, firstly it has a clear and specific goal and plan on inland and oversea marketing. Secondly, it insists on high quality product with high price strategy, which establishes the reputation for the brand. Thirdly, enterprise culture attracts customers to build up a brand loyalty to Sony. Political Challenges of Sony’s Internationalize As the company did an excellent sales performance in Japan, it decided to stretch its branches into oversea area. In January, 1959, Sony became the new brand name instead of the original company name to meet the international trend. Opportunities and threats are both exist on the way of oversea expansion. Here is an analysis on Sony Company’s expansion worldwide and the main challenge of its entrance mode select in different countries and areas, under the effects by the political factors. In November, 1986, Sony set up its first European headquarters Sony Euro in Germany. Before that, it settled the branches respectively in US(1968), Germany(1970) and France(1973) to enlarge the sales revenue and promote its concept of localization around the world. A remarkable example that Sony Company joint venture with Ericsson Company to create a new brand of Sony Ericsson, which both of them holding 50% of the share. And in February, 2012 Sony took over it as sub company via acquisition. For Asian companies, European monetary system provide them a ideal trading base, for they can easily enlarge the sales target in Euro zone. Meanwhile, the main challenges they faced with in European market are serious as well. Exchange rate risk in monetary policy and stability of financial system is uncertainty. Crisis of finance would make a great loss once spread rapidly. Bank industry can be depressing while economy recession, then debts and mortgage challenging the foreign companies. During the last economy crisis, Sony Company reduced the staffrimmer at a number of 10,600 around. Sony first established its branch office in Beijing, China in the year of 1996. Since the company already had a far-spread reputation, brand effect was its strength to open the market of China. And Sony had accumulated fairly enough capital by the end of 20th century after decades of development and expansion. At that time, Chinese government executed positive policy on introducing foreign capital, such as tax preference and concessional debts, which greatly supported Sony to set the branch office in the format of foreign-owned enterprise with confidence. However, there is always an unpredictable and essential factor that may influence its sales in mainland. Challenges came and went following the complex relationship between China and Japanese. Recently, it is reported that sales volume of Sony products in China has an obvious drop-down after the Diaoyu Island Event. Advertising activity was limited in some local TV station, and the public called for boycott of Japanese products. All these made the sales volume of Sony decreasing. In view of this condition, Sony Company continue focusing on product quality and carry out necessary promotion campaign. According to top manager, they insist of positive attitude towards further development in China. Analysis on Socio-Cultural Aspect Socio-culture is one of the crucial factors which will largely affect development of a company. In this part, we will discuss the social-culture problems in Sony. Sony Enterprise Culture As is known to all, Sony Corporation ( ) , commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Konan Minato, which established in 1946, Tokyo, Japan. As a Japanese enterprise, it has a wealth of enterprise culture. The first one is that Sony’s founder not only knew the importance of science and technology, but also determined the declaration when the company was founded, â€Å"the company’s aim is to rapidly progress the war a variety of techniques are applied to the national life to†, â€Å"in a timely manner to all universities and research results into products and commodities†. In addition, they also vigorously introduce foreign advanced technology. The second one is that, in order to give full play to the enthusiasm and pioneering spirit, Sony launched a unique personnel system, which allows and encourages people â€Å"volunteered† to apply for various research and development projects according to their interests, hobbies and expertise. Sony believes that those who are not complacent, do not stick to conventions, jump around in the various research groups are most likely to develop a new tech or product. The third one is that, innovation is an important part of Sony’s corporate culture, as well as the key to success. The company founder once said:† Sony’s success is due to the innovation in science, technology, management, marketing and other aspects. † Now Sony develops about 1,000 new products, an average of every working day 4 species. The last one is that, Sony keeps the faith† love and respect each other†. All the employees ranging from director to humble workers are equal. During working time, they all wear the same jackets, just like a harmonious family. Sony’s Executives do not have their own office. They work with others together. So everyone can get on well with each other in a very short time. I think this kind of enterprise culture largely determines the success of Sony. The employee will feel relax in such culture environment instead of feeling nervous. So they can work more efficiently and have more room to innovate. But there are also some discordant parts. As Sony is a Japanese company, they usually start their work early while the Europeans do not like to work before 10. 00 a. m. This will cause â€Å"culture shock† when the Sony approaching to the world market. Adapt to European market In order to foray into the European market, Sony created a joint venture named Sony Ericsson. They use global localization strategy to adapt to the whole world, especially to European market. They established their factory in America, Europe, southeast Asia and so on to realized the localization production. The localization production realized localization management. Sony employed the local talents with high management skills. I think the global localization strategy has its two sides. There are several advantages. The one is, due to this strategy, they will hire the local people. Generally, the local people know more detail. So they can help the enterprise adapt itself to local culture and environment. Secondly, this strategy can ease and avoid political risk, desalinate host country residents for the joint venture of foreign capital impression. On the contrary, this strategy will cause technical secret problems. It is hard to guarantee that not let out any secret though the sharing of technical knowledge. Secondly, there will have some coordination problems between subsidiary and parent company. It seems to be impossible to reconcile the subsidiary’s target with parent company’s target. Finally, this strategy needs more capital and resource. So it will suffer a higher risk. Conclusion Through the analysis we have done, we present the worries about Sony’s future development. Although its shared working place and enthusiastic company culture are impressing that shows the respect of equality and the concern of individuals, the lacking sense of fashionable technology will not smooth the development way of Sony. Its high quality control spirit will appeal to the frequent and honest customers, but the imitators and the allure of competitive prices will finally take away Sony’s customer base. In addition, the stressful political relationship between China and Japan will influence the choice of electronic consumption in China so that Sony had better seek a boarder market to maintain its sales and work harder on nurturing its product identify. 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Question: Discuss About The Worksite Management Training Intervention? Answer: Introduction: The concept of stress management includes wide ranges of methods, techniques which aims to control the level of stress of an individual. The stress management is a method to reduce emotional tensions and the effects of stress. In the context of an organization, stress management is the systematic interventions which are structured to reduce the effect of stress on the employees working in the organization. Several models have been designed to identify the factors targeting an individuals stress level and the methods which can resolve the issues related to the stress levels which hampers an individuals day to day life and results in mental illness such as depression (Sharma Rush, 2014). Literature review: P.S. Swaminathan, Rajkumar S., (2013) in their work , Stress levels in Organizations and their Impact on Employees Behaviour, highlighted on the stress levels of individuals belonging to various age group, job roles, job hours and the impact of the work environment on their mind and stress levels. Their study explains the ultimate level where every individual can work with his potential. The study focuses on the three factors that are responsible for the stress at work place, these are i) Overload of job role ii) Self distance role iii) Stagnation role. Kopp, M. S., Stauder, A., Purebl, G., Janszky, I., Skrabski, A. (2007), in their work, Work stress and mental health in a changing society, organized a study which found out that various psychosocial factors and hours of stressful employment are the major factors for the decline of mental and physical health conditions among employees of organizations. These factors are responsible for the ultimate stress in work. Rationale of the research: With the emerging unemployment rate throughout the globe, the stress levels in an individual is bound to increase. In the present-day stress is a common experience. From the above literature review it is clear that various factors are found which are responsible for stress and managing the factors can improve the quality of livelihood of employees of organization. The review failed to note and explain the extent to which the management is done and how to reduce the effects caused due to chronic stress levels. This study highlights how stress management techniques can be used to prevent or reduce illness caused due to stress. Objective: Various research works has been conducted throughout the years on the subject of stress and stress managements. Stress management has been an important topic of concern among individual throughout the decade, people experiences excessive workloads and deadlines which affects their mind and results in stress and clinical depression. Some of the important objectives of the research is as follows: Impact of stress in the life of an individual. The effect of stress on individuals life. The value and importance of the topic, stress management. The extent to which the methods of stress managements are fruitful in managing the stress levels of individuals. The various methods and techniques to decrease the level of stress and to prevent the diseases caused due to stress levels. Methodology: The research has been conducted among individuals from various age groups. For conducting the research, secondary method has been followed for collecting information relevant to stress and stress managements. Focus has been given mainly on working professionals and individuals who have just joined the workplace and are still struggling to cope up with the working environment, work pressure and the job-related stress. Books, internet web sites, journals etc. have been taken into consideration as a source of the secondary data. Findings: Stress at workplace is a serious harmful mental and physical condition. Most of the employees working in an organization fears of losing their job all of a sudden. They fear that they are a failure in giving quality works in their job role. Maximum number of employees in the IT sector remains in stress (Work stress and mental health", 2018). They feel tensed for not achieving their targets of the work and ends up sacrificing family functions. Besides these, it has also been found that stress occurs due to conflict among the employees of the same organization or of the same team. Stress Types Causes Symptoms Effects Remedies/Measures Individual Lack of good communication. Intrapersonal pressures Insomnia. Avoiding family gatherings. Behavioral changes. Mental illness such as depression. Aggressiveness. Lack of self-confidence and motivation (Richardson Rothstein, 2008) Solo active like reading, writing, playing, hobbies. Group activities like vacations and sports. Entertainments such as televisions, movies, music and more Organizational Fear of job loss, deadlines and targets. Poor relationship among team employees No appreciation. Increased absenteeism. Decline in productivity. Decline in quality of work. Drop in sales. Failure to meet targets. Resigning from work. Domestic discontent. Lack of self-esteem. Flexible time schedules. Sharing of job and working from home facilities. Long break hours for employee relaxation. Awareness of managing stress for healthy living and high productivity. Stress management is not an easy task. Various techniques and methods though have been introduced and many organizations may have designed the stress management procedures for its employees, but very little has been done to prevent stress and the health hazards caused due to stress in employment (Kopp et al., 2007). The below figure shows how to achieve some effective stress management techniques in the workplace to maintain a healthy livelihood. Some of the important quotes related to stress and stress management are: These can have an individual focus, aimed at increasing an individuals ability to cope with stressors. Stress Management programs can also have an organizational focus and attempt to remove the stressors in a role. For example, improving communication may reduce uncertainty. Programs with an organizational focus are relatively rare? (Roberts, 2005). A stress management intervention (SMI) is any activity or program initiated by an organization that focuses on reducing the presence of work-related stressors or on assisting individuals to minimize the negative outcomes of exposure to these stressors (Richardson Rothstein, 2008). "Controlling Work Stress" is about employees with problems that are the consequence of too muchand in some cases, too littlestress (Quick et al., 2013). Employees with low levels of work-related self-efficacy may stand to benefit more from a worksite stress management training (SMT) intervention. However, this low work-related self-efficacy/enhanced SMT benefits effect may be conditional on employees also having high levels of intrinsic work motivation (Lloyd, Bond Flaxman, 2017). Work-related stress is one of the most challenging issues in occupational safety and health (OSH) today. It is a growing concern around the world as it has a significant impact on the health of employees, the productivity of organizations and the nations economy (Work stress and mental health", 2018) Conclusion Stress can result in making an individual productive and efficient when it is management well. The above research focuses on the various causes, remedies and possible measures one can opt to avoid stress and manage stressful situation in work or in individual life. The result of the research conducted highlights on the measures to decrease the effects caused due to stress, it also explains that individual can overcome their mental illness and depression with effective stress management techniques. The study has been conducted with secondary data, which is the biggest limitation of the research paper. References Kopp, M. S., Stauder, A., Purebl, G., Janszky, I., Skrabski, A. (2007). Work stress and mental health in a changing society.European Journal of Public Health,18(3), 238-244. Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., Flaxman, P. E. (2017). Work-related self-efficacy as a moderator of the impact of a worksite stress management training intervention: Intrinsic work motivation as a higher order condition of effect.Journal of occupational health psychology,22(1), 115. Quick, J. C., Wright, T. A., Adkins, J. A., Nelson, D. L., Quick, J. D. (2013).Preventive stress management in organizations. American Psychological Association. Richardson, K. M., Rothstein, H. R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: a meta-analysis.Journal of occupational health psychology,13(1), 69. Roberts, A. R. (Ed.). (2005).Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research. Oxford University Press. Sharma, M., Rush, S. E. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: a systematic review.Journal of evidence-based complementary alternative medicine,19(4), 271-286. Stress Management Coaching | ZenSpot Eugene. (2018).Eug.zenspotmbs.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018, from https://eug.zenspotmbs.com/programs/stress-management-coaching/40 Work stress and mental health. (2018).NST Online. Retrieved 15 February 2018, from https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/04/142074/work-stress-and-mental-health